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University of Chicago

 
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: University of Chicago
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Independent university in Chicago, Illinois, U.S. It was founded in 1890 with an endowment from John D. Rockefeller. William Rainey Harper, its first president (1891 – 1906), did much to establish its reputation, and under Robert M. Hutchins (1929 – 51) the university came to be recognized for its broad liberal arts curriculum. The world's first department of sociology was established there in 1892 under Robert E. Park. In 1942 it was the site of the first controlled self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction, under the direction of Enrico Fermi. Other notable achievements include the development of carbon-14 dating and the isolation of plutonium. More than 70 scholars associated with the University of Chicago have been awarded Nobel Prizes in their fields. The university comprises an undergraduate college, several professional schools, and centres for advanced research, including the Oriental Institute (Middle Eastern studies), Yerkes Observatory, the Enrico Fermi Institute, and the Center for Policy Study. The university operates the Argonne National Laboratory.

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US History Encyclopedia: University of Chicago
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University of Chicago, which opened in 1892, was one of a number of cultural institutions established in the period of Chicago's growth, all of which were financed by a small group of entrepreneurs and visionaries in the merchandising, meatpacking, and shipping industries. Key leaders in the university's planning stages included Thomas W. Goodspeed, an alumnus of the original Baptist College (also called the University of Chicago, 1857–1886); Frederick T. Gates, secretary of the American Baptist Society; and William Rainey Harper, the university's first president. Gates persuaded John D. Rockefeller to finance the university on the condition that additional funds would be raised. Chicago's wealthy businessmen and philanthropists contributed money and land, and brought the initial funding to $1 million. Harper, young, gifted, and energetic, had been Professor of Semitic Languages at Yale's Divinity School, when the trustees appointed him in 1891. He and Gates envisioned a large research institution with a small college and a number of affiliations, where the first commitment of faculty and students would be to scholarship. Harper's ideas had been shaped in the 1870s and 1880s, with the establishment of the first graduate school at Johns Hopkins (1876) and of new research institutions, including Stanford (1891) and Clark (1889). The university opened with an academy, a college, two graduate schools, and a divinity school. In an unprecedented move, Harper hired nine women to the faculty in the 1890s. Undergraduate and graduate enrollments were coeducational; women exceeded 50 percent of the undergraduate student body by 1901. Fear of feminization prompted Harper to attempt an unsuccessful and short-lived program of separate classes for men and women. At the urging of deans Alice Freeman Palmer and Marion Talbot, Chicago also instituted a small number of graduate fellowships for women. Faculty and students became involved in Chicago's social, cultural, and political institutions, such as Jane Addams's Hull House, the Chicago public schools, the Field Museum, the Chicago Civic Federation, and the juvenile courts. The university established its own press and developed a variety of scholarly journals. Such expansion kept the university in debt for its first fifteen years, but Rockefeller continued his support. Harper's successor Harry Pratt Judson (1906–1923) placed the university on secure financial ground and expanded its faculty and graduate programs. By 1910, Rockefeller had contributed $35 million, augmented by donations from prominent Chicago families. In the 1920s, various Rockefeller Foundation units supported biomedical, social science, and other research in the university. Ernest DeWitt Burton (1923–1925) expanded student activities to enrich college life and instituted better advising and other services for undergraduates, before his untimely death. Max Mason (1925–1928) continued to build the science faculty and saw to completion a large-scale examination of undergraduate education. By the late 1920s, the university was considered one of the preeminent research universities in the United States. In 1928 the trustees appointed Robert M. Hutchins to the presidency (1929–1951). A young man known for his high intelligence and quick wit, Hutchins reorganized the university's college and graduate school into four divisions: social sciences, humanities, and natural and physical sciences; and pushed the faculty to form interdisciplinary committees and to initiate and maintain a new general education curriculum in the college, which included extensive exposure to the great books. This latter innovation occurred in the 1930s, when many colleges and universities were experimenting with curricular reforms. Chicago's program, emulated by a number of institutions, had the most lasting influence on the curricular reorganization of St. Johns' College in the late 1930s with an entirely great books curriculum. Hutchins faced much faculty opposition, but every proposal increased media coverage of the university and its reforms. Permitting the university to serve as the site of the first self-sustained nuclear reaction to release atomic energy contributed to Allied strength in World War II and enhanced the physics faculty. His staunch defense of academic freedom in the mid-1930s and again during the McCarthy era elicited faculty loyalty, but opening the college to students out of the sophomore year of high school and enabling them to finish college early stirred faculty opposition into the 1940s. During Hutchins's tenure, undergraduate enrollment declined. The curriculum was perceived as unrelated to students' future plans, and other graduate schools were not accepting the early Chicago bachelor's degree. Succeeding presidents, though quite competent, did not have the charisma or impact of Harper or Hutchins. Lawrence Kimpton (1951–1960) pulled the university out of debt, stabilized the neighborhood with rehabilitation projects, and increased undergraduate enrollment by abandoning Hutchins's early college plan.

Edward Levi (1968–1975) urged the faculty to experiment with undergraduate curriculum, connecting the reforms with the Hutchins era, which was viewed more favorably by the 1970s. Hanna H. Gray (1978–1993) encouraged reorganization of graduate programs. Hugo F. Sonnenshein (1993–2000) stabilized the university's finances and enriched undergraduate student life. Each president faced responsibility for maintaining and enhancing the university's international distinction as a first-class research institution, protecting the university's assets in the Hyde Park neighborhood, and offering undergraduate programs designed to attract some of the nation's brightest students.

Bibliography

Diner, Steven J. A City and Its Universities: Public Policy in Chicago, 1892. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1980.

Dzuback, Mary Ann. Robert M. Hutchins: Portrait of an Educator. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

Goodspeed, Thomas W. The Story of the University of Chicago, 1890–1925. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1925.

Manuscripts and Special Collections, Joseph Regenstein Library, University of Chicago.

McNeill, William H. Hutchins' University: A Memoir of the University of Chicago, 1929–1950. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

Storr, Richard J. Harper's University: The Beginnings; A History of the University of Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966.

University of Chicago. One in Spirit: A Retrospective View of the University of Chicago on the Occasion of Its Centennial. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

 
Columbia Encyclopedia: University of Chicago
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Chicago, University of, at Chicago; coeducational; inc. 1890, opened 1892 primarily through the gifts of John D. Rockefeller. Because of the progressive programs and distinguished faculty established under its first president, William R. Harper (1891-1906), the Univ. of Chicago immediately achieved prominence in American education. Under Robert M. Hutchins (1929-51) it established a unique program of admitting students to the undergraduate division after only two years of high school and granting B.A. degrees at the age of 18 or 19. Survey courses were developed and comprehensive examinations were substituted for regular course requirements. However, under Lawrence Kimpton (1951-60), this program was largely abandoned. Significant among the university's graduate and research facilities are the Pritzker School of Medicine; the Enrico Fermi Institute and the Enrico Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; the Argonne National Laboratory; the Yerkes Observatory, at Williams Bay, Wis.; the Oriental Institute; and the former school of education (closed in 1997).

Education Encyclopedia: University of Chicago
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Identified by American industrialist and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller as "the greatest investment I ever made," the University of Chicago, founded in 1891, became a standard-bearer for modern America's universities by being the first to meld the great English and German traditions of higher education by creating an institution focused on teaching and research.

Early Years

In 1891 the American Baptist Education Society united William Rainey Harper, a dynamic leader, with John D. Rockefeller, an equally magnanimous donor. The union produced the University of Chicago, which became America's shining educational city on a hill. Historian Frederick Rudolph asserted that "no episode was more important in shaping the outlook and expectations of American higher education … than the founding of the University of Chicago" (p. 349).

President William Rainey Harper, the "young man in a hurry," was a Hebrew scholar lured from Yale in 1888 to create an institution that would combine the best of German and English higher educational traditions. Harper demanded that Chicago support pure research yet still provide quality instruction and moral guidance. He also revolutionized academic practices by dividing the year into quarters, encouraging year-round attendance, and by allowing students to graduate whenever they completed their degree requirements. Furthermore, Harper introduced majors and minors to the elective system and thereby provided students with both freedom and direction. Lastly, though founded by Baptists, the university was always nondenominational. Also, it welcomed both women and minority students at a time when many campuses did not.

Harper's vision required deep financial pockets and the deepest were found. John D. Rockefeller, though initially committing to a modest gift, eventually donated more than $35 million to the project. Harper used the funds to construct an English-Gothic-style campus with towers, spires, and gargoyles within Chicago's Hyde Park. This land, valued at the time at more than $8 million, was donated by Chicago department store owner Marshall Field. Harper hired 120 faculty members for opening day. Because he wanted only the best researchers and instructors, he used Rockefeller's generosity to raid the faculties of other elite colleges and universities - especially the strapped Clark University.

Early Twentieth Century

The University of Chicago continued to thrive despite the death of its young president in 1906. Its fifth president, Robert Maynard Hutchins, inaugurated in 1929, like Harper before him left a lasting imprint on Chicago and the nation. Hutchins reduced the dominance of applied science and commercial utility in the nation's great universities by shifting Chicago to an emphasis on perennial issues associated with the humanities. Thus began Chicago's Great Books curriculum, which focused on classics in Western civilization. The program was far more than just reading significant books, however. Rather than relying on professorial lectures for understanding, students engaged their instructors in spirited debate over the treatises. This atmosphere of intense intellectual argument became and remains the essence of the University of Chicago ethos. So popular was this approach that the Great Books were published for a wide reading audience, including discussion groups of laymen that popped up around the country in an effort to capture the Chicago spirit of intellectual discourse.

Not only did Hutchins buck the dominant trends in philosophy and instruction, he also challenged higher education's emphasis on intercollegiate football. Hutchins abolished the university's football team in 1939 because he believed students needed to focus on scholarship and Chicago should play football only if it could remain competitive with major athletic programs. This was a momentous decision as the Maroons were a founding member of the Big Ten Conference and once a national powerhouse under the famed coaching of Amos Alonzo Stagg. In fact, Stagg, who had retired from Chicago in 1933, had been the first coach in the nation to be a tenured professor, and his large athletics' budget was exempted from normal institutional review. Even as late as 1935, Chicago's Jay Berwanger became the first Heisman Trophy winner, but by 1939 Chicago's scoreboard indicated that the glory days had passed, including a 61 - 0 loss to Harvard. Therefore, despite the legacies, and partly because of them, after much debate the university dropped football.

Future Directions

Varsity football was resurrected at Chicago in 1969. Other traditions have been maintained without interruption. The University of Chicago has remained a bold innovator, demonstrated again in 1978 when Hanna Gray was appointed president - the first woman to serve as president of a major research university. The University of Chicago continues to adjust its curriculum, always with its emphasis on humanistic education. It proudly claims to be the "teacher of teachers," as one in seven of its alumni follows an academic career path. As such, the original vision for the university continues to stand out as a home of critical inquiry and informed discussion within the nation's higher educational landscape.

Bibliography

Lester, Robin. 1995. Stagg's University: The Rise, Decline, and Fall of Big-Time Football at Chicago. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.

Rudolph, Frederick. 1962. The American College and University: A History. New York: Random House.

Shils, Edward, ed. 1991. Remembering the University of Chicago: Teachers, Scientists, Scholars. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

— JASON R. EDWARDS, ERIC MOYEN, JOHN R. THELIN

Wikipedia: University of Chicago
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The University of Chicago
The seal of the University of Chicago. It is in the shape of a shield, with a drawing of a phoenix on the bottom and a book with the University's motto "Crescat scientia; vita excolatur" on the top.
Motto Crescat scientia; vita excolatur (Latin)
Motto in English Let knowledge grow from more to more; and so be human life enriched[1]
Established 1890
Type Private nondenominational coeducational
Endowment US $5.11 billion[2]
President Robert Zimmer
Faculty 2,168[3]
Staff 14,772 (including employees of the University of Chicago Medical Center)[3]
Undergraduates 5,000
Postgraduates 9,000
Location Chicago, Illinois
Campus Urban, 211 acres (85 ha)[3]
Colors Maroon      White     [4]
Nickname Maroons
Mascot Phoenix
Athletics NCAA Division III UAA
Website www.uchicago.edu
The University of Chicago Logo

The University of Chicago (commonly referred to as UChicago, the U of C, or just Chicago) is a private, coeducational research university in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It was founded by oil magnate and benefactor John D. Rockefeller and incorporated in 1890; William Rainey Harper became its first president in 1891 and the first classes were held in 1892.

The University consists of the College of the University of Chicago, various graduate programs and interdisciplinary committees organized into four divisions, six professional schools, and a school of continuing education. The University enrolls approximately 5,000 students in the College and about 14,000 students overall. It has a reputation of devotion to academic scholarship and intellectualism,[5][6] and is affiliated with 85 Nobel Prize laureates as of the 2009 awards announcement.[7]

In 2007, the University spent $322,488,000 on scientific research.[8] University of Chicago scholars have played a role in the development of the Chicago School of Economics, the Chicago School of Sociology, the Law and Economics movement in legal analysis,[9] and the physics leading to the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction.[10] The University is also home to the Committee on Social Thought, an interdisciplinary graduate research program, and to the largest university press in the United States.[11]

Contents

History

Main article: History of the University of Chicago
An early convocation ceremony at the University of Chicago

Founding–1910s

The University of Chicago was created and incorporated as a coeducational,[12] secular institution in 1890 by the American Baptist Education Society and a donation from oil magnate John D. Rockefeller. It emerged from a university of the same name that had closed in 1886 due to financial difficulties. William Rainey Harper became the modern University's first president on July 1, 1891, and the first classes were held on October 1, 1892.[13]

The business school was founded in 1898,[14] and the law school was founded in 1902.[15] Harper died in 1906,[16] and was replaced by a series of three presidents whose tenures lasted until 1929.[17] During this period, the Oriental Institute was founded.[18]

1920s–1980s

In 1929, the University's fifth president, Robert Maynard Hutchins, took office; the University underwent many changes during his 24-year tenure. Hutchins eliminated varsity football from the University in an attempt to deemphasize athletics over academics,[19] instituted the undergraduate college's liberal-arts curriculum known as the Common Core,[20] and organized the University's graduate work into its current four divisions.[19] In 1933, Hutchins proposed an unsuccessful plan to merge the University of Chicago and Northwestern University into a single university.[21] During his term, the University of Chicago Hospitals (now called the University of Chicago Medical Center) finished construction and enrolled its first medical students,[22] and the Committee on Social Thought was created.

A group of people in suits standing in three rows on the steps in front of a stone building.
The University of Chicago team that worked on the production of the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction, including Enrico Fermi in the front row

Money that had been raised during the 1920s and financial backing from the Rockefeller Foundation helped the school to survive through the Great Depression.[19] During World War II, the University made important contributions to the Manhattan Project.[23] The University was the site of the first isolation of plutonium and of the creation of the first artificial, self-sustained nuclear reaction by Enrico Fermi in 1942.[23][24]

In the early 1950s, student applications declined as a result of increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood. In response, the University became a major sponsor of a controversial urban renewal project for Hyde Park, which profoundly affected both the neighborhood's architecture and street plan. For details of this urban renewal effort, see Hyde Park.[25]

The University experienced its share of student unrest during the 1960s, beginning in 1962, when students occupied President George Beadle's office in a protest over the University's off-campus rental policies. In 1969, more than 400 students, angry about the dismissal of a popular professor, Marlene Dixon, occupied the Administration Building for two weeks. After the sit-in ended, when Dixon turned down a one-year reappointment, 42 students were expelled and 81 were suspended,[26] the most severe response to student occupations of any American university during the student movement.[27]

In 1978, Hanna Holborn Gray, then the provost of Yale University, became President of the University of Chicago, in which capacity she served for 15 years.[28]

View from the Midway Plaisance

1990s–2000s

In 1999, then-President Hugo Sonnenschein announced plans to relax the University's famed core curriculum, reducing the number of required courses from 21 to 15. When The New York Times, The Economist, and other major news outlets picked up this story, the University became the focal point of a national debate on education. The changes were ultimately implemented, but the controversy played a role in President Sonnenschein's decision to resign in 2000.[29]

In the past decade, the University began multi-million dollar expansion projects. In 2008, the University of Chicago announced plans to establish the Milton Friedman Institute. The institute will cost around $200 million and occupy the buildings of the Chicago Theological Seminary. Some faculty members and students have signed petition against these plans.[30] During the same year, investor David G. Booth donated $300 million to the University's Graduate School of Business, which is the largest gift in the University's history and the largest gift ever to any business school.[31] In 2009, planning or construction on several new buildings, half of which cost $100 million or more, was underway.[32]

A recent two billion dollar campaign has brought substantial expansion to the campus, including the unveiling of the Max Palevsky Residential Commons, an undergraduate student dormitory, the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center, a new hospital, and a new science building. Current construction projects include: the Jules and Gwen Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, a ten-story medical research center, as well as further additions to the medical campus of the University of Chicago Medical Center.[33]

Campus

The older buildings of the University of Chicago employ Gothic-style architecture like that of the University of Oxford. For example, Chicago's Mitchell Tower (left) was modeled after Oxford's Magdalen Tower (right).

The main campus of the University of Chicago consists of 211 acres (85 ha) in the Chicago neighborhoods of Hyde Park and Woodlawn, seven miles (11 km) south of downtown Chicago. The northern and southern portions of campus are separated by the Midway Plaisance, a large, linear park created for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition.

The first buildings of the University of Chicago campus, which make up what is now known as the Main Quadrangles, were part of a "master plan" conceived by two University of Chicago trustees and plotted by Chicago architect Henry Ives Cobb.[34] The Main Quadrangles consist of six quadrangles, each surrounded by buildings, bordering one larger quadrangle.[35] The buildings of the Main Quadrangles were designed by Cobb, Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge, Holabird & Roche, and other architectural firms in the English neo-Gothic style, deliberately patterned after the layouts of the Universities of Oxford.[34] (Mitchell Tower, for example, is modeled after Oxford's Magdalen Tower,[36] and the University Commons, Hutchinson Hall, is a duplicate of Oxford's Christ Church Hall.[37])

After the 1940s, the Gothic style on campus began to give way to modern styles.[34] In 1955, Eero Saarinen was contracted to develop a second master plan, which led to the construction of buildings both north and south of the Midway, including the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle (a complex designed by Saarinen);[34] a series of arts buildings;[34] a building designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for the University's School of Social Service Administration;[34] and the Regenstein Library, the largest building on campus, a brutalist structure designed by Walter Netsch of the Chicago firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill.[38] Another master plan, designed in 1999 and updated in 2004,[39] produced the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center (2003),[39] the Max Palevsky Residential Commons (2001),[34] South Campus Residence Hall and dining commons (2009), a new children's hospital,[40] and other constructions, expansions, and restorations.[41]

The site of Chicago Pile-1 is a National Historic Landmark and is marked by the Henry Moore sculpture Nuclear Energy.[42] Robie House, a Frank Lloyd Wright building acquired by the University in 1963, is also National Historic Landmark,[43] as is room 405 of the George Herbert Jones Laboratory, where Glenn T. Seaborg and his team were the first to isolate plutonium.[44] Hitchcock Hall, an undergraduate dormitory, is on the National Register of Historic Places.[45]

Campus of the University of Chicago
An ivy-covered building
Snell-Hitchcock, an undergraduate dormitory constructed around the turn of the 20th century, is located on the Main Quadrangles. 
A large stone building with a carillon tower. The building has many turrets, arches, and columns.
Rockefeller Chapel, which was designed by Bertram Goodhue and constructed in 1928, showing archetypical neo-Gothic architecture 
A tall, jagged gray building with protruding windows
The Henry Hinds Laboratory for Geophysical Sciences was built in 1969.[46] 
A large red building facing a concrete plaza. Part of the roof is overhanging and supported by cables attached above and below to white poles.
The Gerald Ratner Athletics Center, opened in 2003 and designed by Cesar Pelli, is home to the U of C's volleyball, wrestling, and basketball teams.[47] 

Satellite campuses

The University of Chicago also maintains facilities apart from its main campus. The University's Booth School of Business maintains campuses in Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago. The Center in Paris, a campus located on the left bank of the Seine in Paris, hosts various undergraduate and graduate study programs.[48]

Administration and finances

The University of Chicago is governed by a board of trustees. The Board of Trustees oversees the long-term development and plans of the University and manages fundraising efforts, and is composed of 50 members including the University President.[49] Directly beneath the President are the Provost, fourteen Vice Presidents (including the Chief Financial Officer, Chief Investment Officer, and Dean of Students of the University), the Directors of Argonne National Laboratory and Fermilab, the Secretary of the University, and the Student Ombudsman.[50] As of August 2009, the Chairman of the Board of Trustees is Andrew Alper,[51] and the President of the University is Robert Zimmer.

The University's endowment was the 11th largest among American educational institutions and state university systems in 2008[52] and as of August 2009 is valued at $4.95 billion.[2]

Academics

University rankings
ARWU World[53] 9
ARWU North & Latin America[54] 8
ARWU Natural Science & Math[55] 14
ARWU Clinical Medicine[56] 50
ARWU Social Sciences[57] 2
The Economist Business[58] 4
Financial Times Business[59] 11
THES World[60] 7
USNWR National University[61] 8
USNWR Social Work[62] 2
USNWR Medical (research)[63] 13
USNWR Medical (primary care)[64] 45
USNWR Business[65] 5
USNWR Law[66] 6
Washington Monthly National University[67] 13
WSJ [68] 9
Forbes[69] 21
Forbes Business[70] 4

The academic bodies of the University of Chicago consist of the College, four divisions of graduate research, six professional schools, and the Graham School of General Studies (a continuing education school). The University also contains a library system, the University of Chicago Press, the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, and the University of Chicago Medical Center, and holds ties with a number of independent academic institutions, including Fermilab and Argonne National Laboratory. The University is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools.[71]

The University runs on a quarter system in which the academic year is divided into four terms: Summer (June–August), Autumn (September–December), Winter (January–March), and Spring (April–June).[72] Full-time undergraduate students take three to four courses every quarter[73] for approximately eleven weeks before their quarterly academic breaks. The school year typically begins in late September and ends in mid-June.[72]

Undergraduate college

Main article: College of the University of Chicago

The College of the University of Chicago grants Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 49 academic majors and 22 minors.[74] The college's academics are divided into five divisions: the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, the Physical Sciences Collegiate Division, the Social Sciences Collegiate Division, the Humanities Collegiate Division, and the New Collegiate Division.[75] The first four are sections within their corresponding graduate divisions, while the New Collegiate Division administers interdisciplinary majors and studies which do not fit in one of the other four divisions.[76]

Undergraduate students are required to take a distribution of courses to satisfy the University's core curriculum known as the Common Core. Most of the Core classes at Chicago contain no more than 25 students, and are generally led by a full-time professor (as opposed to a teaching assistant).[77] As of the 2009–2010 school year, 15 courses, tested proficiency in a foreign language, passage of a swim test, and up to three physical education courses (depending on results of an entrance examination) are required under the Core.[20]

Eckhart Hall houses the University's math and statistics departments.

Graduate schools and committees

The University graduate schools and committees are divided into four divisions: Biological Sciences, Humanities, Physical Sciences, and Social Sciences. In the spring quarter of 2009, the University enrolled 3,633 graduate students: 485 in the Biological Sciences Division, 1,076 in the Humanities Division, 732 in the Physical Sciences Division, and 1,340 in the Social Sciences Division.[78]

The University is home to several committees for interdisciplinary scholarship, including the Committee on Social Thought.

Professional schools

The University contains six professional schools: the Pritzker School of Medicine (which is a part of the Biological Sciences Division), the Booth School of Business, the Law School, the Divinity School, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, the School of Social Service Administration (SSA). The total enrollment for these six professional schools was 5,086 students in the 2009 spring quarter: 2,878 students in the business school, 344 in the Divinity School, 452 in the medical school, 269 in the Harris School, 494 in SSA, and 649 in the Law School.[78]

The Law School is accredited by the American Bar Association, the Divinity School is accredited by the Commission on Accrediting of the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada, Pritzker is accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education.[71]

Associated academic institutions

The University of Chicago Lab Schools, a private day school run by the University

The University runs a number of academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools (a private day school for K-12 students and day care),[79] the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School (a residential treatment program for those with behavioral and emotional problems),[80] and four public charter schools on the South Side of Chicago administered by the university's Urban Education Institute.[81] In addition, the Hyde Park Day School, a school for students with learning disabilities, maintains a location on the University of Chicago campus.[82] Since 1983, the University of Chicago has maintained the University of Chicago School Mathematics Project, a mathematics program used in urban primary and secondary schools.[83] The University runs a program called the Council on Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences and Humanities, which administers interdisciplinary workshops to provide a forum for graduate students, faculty, and visiting scholars to present scholarly work in progress.[84] The University also operates the University of Chicago Press, the largest university press in the United States.[11]

The Joseph Regenstein Library

Library system

The University of Chicago Library system encompasses six libraries[85] that contain a total of 7.9 million volumes, the 14th most of libraries in the United States.[86] The largest of the University's libraries is the Regenstein Library, which will be the largest collection of print volumes in the United States once its expansion is completed in 2010.[87][88] The John Crerar Library contains more than 1.3 million volumes in the biological, medical and physical sciences and collections in general science and the philosophy and history of science, medicine, and technology.[89] The University also operates a number of special libraries, including the D’Angelo Law Library, the Social Service Administration Library, and the Eckhart Library for mathematics and computer science.[90]

Research

Aerial view of Fermilab, one of the science research laboratories partially operated by the University of Chicago

In fiscal year 2006, the University of Chicago spent US$305,301,000 on scientific research.[91] It is classified by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching as an institution with "very high research activity"[92] and is a founding member of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and the Association of American Universities.

The University operates 12 research institutes and 113 research centers on campus.[93] Among these are the Oriental Institute—a museum and research center for Near Eastern studies owned and operated by the University—and a number of National Resource Centers, including the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Chicago also operates or is affiliated with a number of research institutions apart from the university proper. The University partially manages Argonne National Laboratory, part of the United States Department of Energy's national laboratory system, and has a joint stake in Fermilab, a nearby particle physics laboratory. The University also has a stake in the Apache Point Observatory in Sunspot, New Mexico. Faculty and students at the adjacent Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago collaborate with the University,[94] and although formally unrelated, the National Opinion Research Center is located on the campus and some faculty members and graduate students hold research appointments there.

The University of Chicago has been the site of some important experiments and academic movements. In economics, the University has played an important role in shaping ideas about the free market[95] and is the namesake of the Chicago school of economics, the school of economic thought supported by Milton Friedman and other economists. The University's sociology department was the first independent sociology department in the United States and gave birth to the Chicago school of sociology.[96] In physics, the University was the site of the Chicago Pile-1 (the first self-sustained man-made nuclear reaction, part of the Manhattan Project), of Robert Millikan's oil-drop experiment that calculated the charge of the electron,[97] and of the development of radiocarbon dating.[98]

People

See also: List of University of Chicago people

There have been 85 Nobel Laureates affiliated with the University of Chicago,[7] 17 of whom were pursuing research or on faculty at the University at the time of the award announcement (placing the University behind only Harvard University (31) and Stanford University (18) in that regard).[99]

In addition, many Chicago alumni and scholars have won the Fulbright awards[100] and 44 have matriculated as Rhodes Scholars.[101]

Student Body Demographics, Spring Quarter 2009[A]
By gender[102]
College Graduate
schools		 Professional
schools		 University
total
Male 50.3% 56.6% 60.9% 55.1%
Female 49.7% 43.4% 39.1% 44.9%
By race[103]
College Graduate
schools		 Professional
schools		 University
total
International student 8.8% 28.4% 21.2% 18.3%
African American 5.7% 3.3% 5.4% 4.9%
Native American 0.3% 0.4% 0.2% 0.4%
Arab/Middle Eastern/
North African		 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4%
Asian 13.8% 4.6% 14.7% 11.6%
Pacific Islander 0.06% 0.02% 0.06% 0.06%
Hispanic/Latino 8.6% 3.0% 4.2% 5.4%
Multiracial 0.4% 0.9% 1.1% 0.8%
White 44.2% 47.9% 47.7% 46.5%
Unspecified 17.7% 11.3% 5.17% 11.9%

Student body

In the 2009 Spring Quarter, the University of Chicago enrolled 4,920 students in the College, 3,633 students in its four graduate divisions, 5,088 students in its professional schools, and 14,000 students overall.[104] In the 2009 Spring Quarter, international students comprised about 18% of the overall study body, at least 23% of students were domestic ethnic minorities, and 45% were female.[102] The middle 50% band of SAT scores for the undergraduate class of 2012 was 1340–1510,[105] the average MCAT score of students in the Pritzker School of Medicine is 36,[106] and the median LSAT score for students entering the Law School in 2009 was 171.[107]

Alumni

In 2004, the University of Chicago claimed 133,155 living alumni.[108]

Athletics

Main article: Chicago Maroons
A letter C stylized to resemble a wishbone
The "Wishbone C" logo used by the University's athletic programs.

The University of Chicago hosts 19 varsity sports teams: 10 men's teams and 9 women's teams,[109] all called the Maroons, with 585 students participating in the 2008–2009 school year.[109]

The Maroons compete in the NCAA's Division III as members of the University Athletic Association (UAA). The University was a founding member of the Big Ten Conference and withdrew from the conference in 1946 after University President Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity athletics in 1939 and dropped football.[110] (In 1969, Chicago reinstated football as a minor Division III team, resuming playing its home games at the new Stagg Field.)

Student life

The University's Reynolds Club, the student center
An orange brick building with pink window frames and a blue roof
Max Palevsky Residential Commons, a dormitory constructed in 2001 designed by postmodernist Mexican architect Ricardo Legorreta

Student organizations

Students at the University of Chicago run over 400 clubs and organizations known as Recognized Student Organizations (RSOs).[111][112] These include cultural and religious groups, academic clubs and teams, and common-interest organizations.[112] Among notable RSOs are the organizing committee for the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt, the twice-weekly student newspaper The Chicago Maroon, and the University-owned radio station WHPK-FM.

Fraternities and sororities

There are fourteen fraternities and six sororities at the University of Chicago,[113] as well as one co-ed community service fraternity, Alpha Phi Omega.[114] Three of the sororities are members of the National Panhellenic Conference,[115] and ten of the fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council.[116] In 2002, the Associate Director of Student Activities estimated that 8–10 percent of undergraduates were members of fraternities or sororities.[115] The student activities office has used similar figures, stating that one in ten undergraduates participate in Greek life.[113]

Student housing

On-campus undergraduate students at the University of Chicago participate in a house system in which each student is assigned to one of the university's 10 residence hall buildings and to a smaller community within their residence hall called a "house". There are 38 houses, with an average of 70 students in each house[117] Freshmen are required to participate in the house system, and housing is guaranteed every year thereafter.[118] About 60% of undergraduate students live on campus.[118]

For graduate students, the University owns and operates 28 apartment buildings near campus.[119]

Traditions

Qwazy Quad Rally, Scav Hunt 2005, item #38
Main articles: Doc Films, Summer Breeze (concert), and University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt

Every May since 1987, the University of Chicago has held the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt, in which large teams of students compete to obtain notoriously esoteric items from a list.[120] The University also annually holds a summer carnival and concert called Summer Breeze that hosts outside musicians, and is home to Doc Films, a student film society founded in 1932 that screens films nightly at the University.

Notes

  1. ^ "Graduate school" figures are totals of the data from each of the four divisions. "Professional school" figures are totals of Booth, the Divinity School, the Law School, Harris, SSA, and Pritzker. The Graham School of General Studies, "Graduate Affairs", and "Special Programs" are included in the "University total" figures, but not in anything else.

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v • d • e
University Athletic Association
v • d • e
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and above
Universities
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Private

Brandeis • Brown • Caltech • Carnegie Mellon • Case Western • Chicago • Columbia • Cornell • Duke • Emory • Harvard • Johns Hopkins • MIT • Northwestern • NYU • Penn • Princeton • Rice • Rochester • USC • Stanford • Syracuse • Tulane • Vanderbilt • Wash U. • Yale
Canadian
v • d • e
Universities Research Association (URA)
United States

Alabama · Arizona · Arizona State · Boston University · Brown · Buffalo · Caltech · Carnegie Mellon · Case Western Reserve · Chicago · Colorado · Columbia · Cornell · Duke · Florida · Florida State · Harvard · Hawaii · Houston · IIT · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Iowa State · Johns Hopkins · LSU · Maryland · MIT · Michigan · Michigan State · Minnesota · Nebraska · New Mexico · New Mexico State · North Carolina · North Texas · Northeastern · Northern Illinois · Northwestern · Notre Dame · Ohio State · Oklahoma · Oregon · Penn · Penn State · Pittsburgh · Princeton · Purdue · Rice · Rochester · Rockefeller · Rutgers · SMU · South Carolina · Stanford · Stony Brook · Syracuse · Tennessee · Texas-Arlington · Texas-Austin · Texas-Dallas · Texas A&M · Texas Tech · Tufts · Tulane · UC Berkeley · UC Davis · UC Irvine · UCLA · UC Riverside · UCSB · UCSD · UIC · Utah · Vanderbilt · Virginia · Virginia Tech · Washington · Washington University · Wayne State · William & Mary · Wisconsin · Yale
International

McGill · Pisa · Toronto · Waseda
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568 Group
v • d • e
City of Chicago, Illinois
Chicago metropolitan area - State of Illinois - United States of America

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